Measuring oxygen saturation and pulse rate in dairy cows before and after machine milking using a low-cost pulse oximeter

The present study was aimed at measuring the haemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate on dairy cow teats before after milking, using a bespoke low-cost oximeter. oximeter tested in three-day field test involving 18 Holstein Friesian cows raised commercial farm located Northern Italy. results highlighted significant difference both (SpO2) milking entire sample of animals. By dividing according to time (fast <8 min slow >8 min), between fast observed for SpO2, whilst no identified relation their lactation stage [<70 days (DIM) 71-140 DIM]. As rate, were not significantly different. This confirms that machine can create stress teat causing tissue circulatory impairment oximetry could be useful detecting milking-induced alterations teats. In future, used as part monitoring system order change operating parameters minimize mechanical